Panda twins Xiao Xiao and Lei Lei left Tokyo's Ueno Zoo on Tuesday, leaving Japan without pandas for the first time in fifty years.
Thousands of fans gathered for final goodbyes, with many in tears as they watched the bears during one-minute viewing windows on their last public day.
The pandas' abrupt return was announced last month during a diplomatic spat that began when Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi hinted that Tokyo could intervene militarily if China attacked Taiwan.
The first pair of pandas arrived in Japan in October 1972, one month after Japan normalized diplomatic ties with China, and the bears have symbolized friendship between the two nations ever since.
Beijing is reportedly also choking off exports to Japan of rare-earth products crucial for making everything from electric cars to missiles.
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Guo Jiakun said, "I know giant pandas are loved by many in Japan, and we welcome Japanese friends to come visit them in China," effectively telling Japanese fans to travel to China if they want to see pandas.
Experts warn that if the situation continues for several years, the negative economic impact of having no pandas is expected to reach tens of billions of yen.
A weekend poll showed that 70 percent of Japanese surveyed do not think the government should negotiate with China on leasing new pandas, suggesting public anger at Beijing may outweigh nostalgia for the bears.
The departure marks the end of panda diplomacy between Japan and China, with cuddly bears becoming casualties of geopolitical tension over Taiwan.

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